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Journal - Volume 6, Issue 1, June 2020
TAGORE’S CONSTRUCT OF THE ‘RAYATS’: RHETORIC OF A VISIONARY
SATYABRATA CHAKRABARTI
| Abstract | Rabindranath Tagore, apart from his creative writings in different areas of literature, arts, aesthetics, was also deeply involved in thinking for the welfare of the rural masses. His vigorous engagements with the experimentation of rural development originated out of his direct contact with them while looking after their family estates in certain areas of rural Bengal which now form part of Present Bangladesh. Later on, he did the same experiment in Sriniketan, West Bengal. However, what is attractive to a student of social science in his commitment to the working peasants’ welfare based on a kind of theoretical formulation at a point of time when the famous essayist Pramatha Choudhury advanced his ideas in this direction of rural transformation in his much discussed essay entitled Rayater Katha. The present paper is developed around the input provided by Sri Choudhury and Tagore’s response to that which ultimately turns out to be an independent piece of writing which included in Tagore’s important compilation of essays entitled Kalantar. |
| Keywords | rayat, working peasants, rural development, family estate, proprietory right, welfare of the rural masses, Kalantar. |
TWO UNIQUE WOODEN TEMPLES IN MANALI–HIMACHAL PRADESH
DURGA BASU
| Abstract | The creation of vernacular temple architecture is primarily a result of local religious needs. These structures have their own architectural patterns. The varied architectural features and the indigenous constructional methods of these temples are unique in character. Several factors like geo- physical aspects, climatic conditions, ritual practices, indigenous artistic activities, historical situation and ethnic diversities are responsible for the emergence of such temples. The vernacular temples in India belong to different period of history and display different schools of art and architecture. Himachal Pradesh has been considered as one of the most significant homes of vernacular temples which are built with stone and wood. In the Beas river valley, the wooden vernacular temples are numerous and these temples reflect the cultural identity of the hilly people. The Tripura Sundari and Sandhya Gayatri temples are the best example of wooden temples in this region. |
| Keywords | Himachal Pradesh, Vernacular Architecture, Wooden Temples |
A STUDY OF ENVIRONMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE SITE JAGANNATHPUR IN GALUDIH AREA IN PURBI SINGBHUM DISTRICT OF JHARKHAND
DEBJANI MAHATO, DEBASIS KUMAR MONDAL
| Abstract | Environment is one of the important aspects of study of man both in past and present. Environment plays an important role in biological as well as cultural evolution of man. Natural and cultural elements are very much interrelated to each other and used to study different aspects of man. Since 19th century interrelationship of natural and cultural elements of past human societies are focused by the Archaeologists. Present paper is an attempt to study different aspects of past environment in which prehistoric people lived for a long period of time. The focus of the study is on the prehistoric site Jagannathpur in Purbi Singbhum district of Jharkhand. The site was discovered by A. K. Ghosh of the Department of Anthropology, University of Calcutta. An attempt is made to reconstruct the environmental background in which prehistoric people of the area lived and adapted themselves. |
| Keywords | Environment, archaeology, stratigraphy, geomorphology, soil, sediments, culture |
ONE STEP FORWARD TWO STEPS BACKWARD: THE RETROGRESSIVE AMENDMENT IN INDIAN ARBITRATION JURISPRUDENCE
KUSH GHAI, SANDHYA VERMA
| Abstract | In a significant step towards remediation of arbitration ecosystem in India, the Parliament of India passed the Arbitration and Conciliation (Amendment) Act, 2019 making various introductions and changes not only being noteworthy but also ameliorating some previous inclusions of the Amendment Act 2015. Now, that the Amendment Act has come into force, this article tries to critically analyze the provisions of the enactment in light of various developments, evaluating the Raison d'être and the road ahead to become a hub for arbitration in the international arena. In doing so the author broaches the ‘Pandora’s Box’ of complications ought to be kept closed in pursuit of ensuring that the arbitration mechanism in India remains apace with the international standards; further taking into account the various efforts made to fill the lacunae existing in arbitration legislation and to instill values and trust in Indian arbitration community, endeavouring to make India an Arbitration-friendly jurisdiction. In the penultimate part of this piece of discourse, the author attempts delineate the implications of the amendment, the complexities likely to emerge the avenues ahead, closing out the article by pragmatically illustrating solutions to the issues which have emanated or were discounted by the amendment. |
| Keywords | Arbitration Amendment 2019, India, Institutional Arbitration, Section 29A, Prospective applicability of Amendment Act 2015. |
| JEL Classification | K19, K39, K41, K49 |
CORONA OUTBREAK: INFLECTION POINT FOR INDIA'S SOUTH ASIAN MOMENT
GOURI SANKAR NAG, ARPAN BHATTACHARYA
| Abstract | The recent outbreak of corona virus and the rise of an assertive China seem to draw a curtain of uncertainty on the existing power hierarchy in South Asia. Yet, by recharging increasing tensions amongst states and their vulnerabilities manifest in resorting to lockdown appear to evoke a replay of a Hobbesian predicament that simply bewilder us by the magnitude of overwhelming reactions. Nevertheless, one wonders to find the prospect of a radical reversal in the troubled waters as if a new South Asian world order is in the making. So, the contradiction of the dynamics lay embedded within the tension itself as it necessitated unprecedented lockdown while simultaneously giving way to sort of regional bonhomie and altruism as evidenced by the surging mood that the South Asian cooperation was fast becoming an important silver lining to hope for. It offers an inflection point, if not a decisive shift to navigate towards India’s new South Asian moment. Its emotive and affective side is that we could even be drawn into an exercise of wishful thinking that perhaps these changes could make a sweeping breakthrough in the upcoming neighbourhood policy of India. But if possible at all, how would all these major changes unfurl and what would be India’s package? This article is a brief probe tentative and indicative in nature along the trajectory of an argument that Modi’s altruistic posture in the form of benevolent leadership and concern for the SAARC countries in the wake of this menacing crisis is going to herald his Neighbourhood 3.0. And it is this test for New Delhi to refashion her role away from hawkish realist straightjacket in catering to the demand of human security and global pandemic that she might be able to regain her claim to benign leadership that she had lost in her own strategic domain. |
| Keywords | corona pandemic, lockdown, human security, neighborhood 3.0, south Asian moment. |
STUDENTS ATTITUDES TOWARDS E-LEARNING IN POLLACHI TALUK
A. PRAKALATHAN, B.INDIRAPRIYADHARSHINI, N.GIRI
| Abstract | The study explored student readiness for e-learning in Pollachi Taluk. In the last decade the impact of technology and multimedia on training, learning and education has increased at a rapid pace. There are different theoretical views, highlighting different schools of thoughts in the area. E-learning deals with the impact of technologies on learning and teaching. Within an organization the e-learning environment is utilized to train and educate the employees on their professional roles and organizational strategies and policies. There are numerous perspectives on the impact of an e-learning environment in corporate training. The responses imply that students have a slightly positive perception towards e-learning. |
| Keywords | Technology, Multimedia, Teaching, Environment |
ATTITUDE OF TEACHERS TOWARDS TWO-YEAR B. ED. PROGRAMME IN WEST BENGAL WITH REFERENCE TO THE NCTE REGULATIONS, 2014
SUBRATA BACHHAR, DR. AJIT MONDAL
| Abstract | The objective of the present study was to measure the attitude of the Teacher-Educators and Pupil Teachers towards Two-Year B. Ed. Programme in West Bengal. The descriptive type survey method was used and its approach is quantitative for measuring their attitude towards the programme. For the selection of sample, stratified random sampling technique was adopted for the present study. In keeping the variables of the present study (gender, experience, locality, and types of institution) in mind, 150 Teacher-Educators and160 Pupil Teachers sample were selected from Government-aided and private-unaided B. Ed. Colleges from the Districts of Murshidabad and Kolkata in West Bengal. In order to measure the attitude of the Teacher-Educators and Pupil Teachers towards Two-Year B. Ed. Programme, an attitude scale based on Likert’s five point scale was developed and utilized by the investigators. It’s a bi-polar scaling method to indicate positive or negative response to a statement. Mean, SD (descriptive stat), t – test (Inferential stat) and Bar-graph were employed and also 0.05 level and 0.01 level of significance were used to test the hypothesis. It has been found that the teacher-educators have shown a more positive attitude towards Two-Year B. Ed. Programme than the pupil-teachers. Though the male teacher-educators have shown a little more positive attitude than the female Teacher-educators, the female pupil-teachers have shown a more positive attitude than the male pupil-teachers. |
| Keywords | Two-Year B.Ed., Attitude, Teacher-Educators, Pupil Teachers, West Bengal |
EXAMINATION STRESS AND ANXIETY: A STUDY OF UNDER GRADUATE STUDENTS IN PURULIA DISTRICT
SUBHASISH SEN, SUDIP BARIK
| Abstract | The present study investigates the examination stress and anxiety of college students in Purulia district, West Bengal. In this era our life is full of stress for rapid advancement. Even students are not free from stress; they also feel examination stress and anxiety before commencement of examination and during the examination. Stress is the force behind much learning. This study has been conducted over 150 college level students in Purulia district, West Bengal, to know their examination stress and anxiety. The data has been collected by standardized questionnaire from the students. Statistical techniques such as Mean, Standard Deviation and t-test were applied for analysis of the data. It has been found that the male students have comparatively higher examination anxiety than the female students, the rural students have comparatively higher examination anxiety than the urban students and also the arts students have comparatively higher examination anxiety than the science students. In this paper few more results have been discussed. |
| Keywords | examination stress, anxiety, college students |
CROSSING OF VAGBHATA’S ASTANGAHRIDAYA SAMHITA ALONG WITH TANTRA INTO TIBET FROM INDIA – A BUDDHIST PERSPECT.
JOYDIP RUDRA
| Abstract | Traditional Indian healing system grew simultaneously on the Ayurveda and the Tantra. Both the Ayurveda and the Tantra are inter-linked. Although those were written as Sanskrit works but appeared as medical compendia. Apart from individual works some of the branches of the Ayurveda were also styled as tantras, e.g. agada-tantra, vajikarana-tantra, rasayana-tantra etc. It appears that Indian Ayurveda spread to Tibet around the 5th century A.D. when Buddhism began to spread there. In the Brihat-Trayi , neither Caraka Samhita nor Susruta Samhita, only Vagbhata’s Astangahridaya Samhita had crossed the India and entered into the Tibetan soil. Chapter-wise a synopsis of the Eight parts of the Ayurveda in different Samhitas is given. The early Sanskrit treatises on medicine were called Tantra and not Samhitas. Around the 8th century Indian Tantra had been transplanted into Tibet by Vairocana, who carried ‘Four Tantras’ (Tib. rGyud-zhi), the heart essence text of Tibetan healing system. Thereafter both the Indian Ayurveda and Tantra mingled with the Tibet’s local healing system, Bhum-shi. Before that Buddhism was formally introduced during the reign of Srongtsan Gampo in the first half of the 7th century. During the 5th century A.D. Buddhism began to spread in Tibet and before that Tibet had no written language. The first Indian Buddhists to carry Ayurveda to Tibet were a man named Vijaya and a woman named Belha. Astangahridaya probably reached Tibet through Nepal in the 11th century when Buddhism gradually was waning from India as well as Central Asia and Tantrism replacing Buddhism in the soil of its origin. Two reasons have been primarily identified for crossing the Astangahridaya from India and entered into Tibet --- one of them is Vagbhata was himself a Buddhist and another one is traces of Buddhistic tendency were found in Vagbhata‘s Astangahridaya. Gautama Buddha was regarded there as extraordinary physician (i.e. apurva vaidya) as he propounded the theory of four “noble truths”. Any form of surgery or removal of body parts was restricted in the then (7th – 8th century A.D) Buddhistic society in India. Several translatory works on Ayurveda and ‘Four Tantras’ were made by the different renowned Tibetan scholars during 8th to 16th century A.D. with a view to preserve the classical healing systems in their treasure. A comparative study of the Astangahridaya and the Tibetan rGyud-zhi is necessary in the present context to promote deeper understanding of the Indian influence on the Tibetan healing culture. |
| Keywords | Ayurveda, Tantra, Caraka Samhita, Susruta Samhita, Astangahridaya, rGyud-zhi, Bhum-shi, Apurva vaidya, Tanjur. |
ICONOGRAPHY OF SEVERAL FORMS OF PĀRVATĪ IMAGES IN EASTERN INDIA
NILADRI KUMAR GUNIN
| Abstract | This paper describes several iconographic forms of Parvati, the consort of Lord Shiva, as recovered from eastern India. The geographical boundary of Eastern India mainly comprises of West Bengal, Bihar, Orissa and Jharkhand. In this vast tract of land six varieties of Parvati images have been noticed. These images are Uma, Lalita, Gouri, Ardhanarisvar, Panchatapa and Linga with Sakti. These images are very well executed and are of immense artistic merit. The Puranic texts also refer to the varied iconographic features of Parvati images. Beside this, some specific examples of the goddess have also been incorporated in this paper. It may be noted that among many other Shakti cults of Eastern India Parvati cult has occupied a very significant position. The archaeological evidences not only show her popularity in this region but also indicate a distinctive growth of Shakta tradition who's principle deity was Parvati. |
| Keywords | Parvati , Iconography, Puranic text, Shakta , eastern India |
HEALTH GOVERNANCE AND MANAGING CHALLENGES TOWARDS ACHIEVING UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGE IN INDIA
SANCHITA CHAKRABARTI
| Abstract | Providing good health is the priority of decision makers for developing and developed countries. In this regard state intervention in health is universal to all countries. Right after independence the Indian state formulated several health policies to make health accessible and affordable to all which has led to improvements in health indicators. In spite of the progressin terms of health indicators the Indian health system can be characterized as a highly commercialized healthcare system owing to abysmally low government spending on health with failing public health facilities, scarcity in health workforce and infrastructure and increasing out of the pocket expenditure by households on health. The objective of this paper is to discuss the problems of the Indian health system and look into the concept of health governance and experiences of some Asian countries in order to achieve ‘Good Health at Low Cost’ |
| Keywords | Public health, healthcare, health governance, community, participation, preventive, health resources, equity, inclusiveness, affordability |
ROLE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS AWARENESS IN FINANCIAL SERVICES – A STUDY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO MYSORE DISTRICT
MANOJ .S, M.PRABHU
| Abstract | Financial awareness, on the one hand, is a procedure aiming at providing banking financial services like savings bank account, insurance products and credit facility to weaker sections of the society While on the further, it refers to the objective of ensuring financial services (insurance, banking, and services of capital market) and timely and enough credit to every division of the society as well as of the economy. Access to financial services has been familiar as a significant aspect of growth and more importance is given to extending financial services to below-income households as the low knowledge and education required to make out awareness financial services are accessible to those sectors. Lack of financial access limits the different of services and credit for enterprises and household. Even if there is some proof that access is developing but still there are several factors which have affected the access to Banking financial services. |
| Keywords | Deposits;Service; Insurance; Awareness; loans. |
SACRED PLANTS IN INDIA: A STUDY OF MAGICO-RELIGIOUS BELIEFS AND PRACTICES
SNIGDHAMAYEE KUNDU
| Abstract | Man and plant relationship is a phenomenon, which started with the beginning of human history. Plants provide raw materials for our basic needs of food, clothing and shelter. Gradually they discovered the medicinal values of certain plants. Because of the plants’ immense benefits our early ancestors began to worship some plants. Medicinal properties of plants are recorded in ancient texts. A number of rituals are performed in different parts of India which are related to fertility and are symbolic representations of Gods and Goddesses. Besides the use of some plants for the cure of diseases, these are also believed to have the capacity to ward off evil spirits. Worship of plants has taken central place in socio-economic and religious life of the people. Present paper focuses on the magico-religious beliefs and practices associated with some plants in India. Functional aspects of the plant in human society are also discussed. |
| Keywords | Plants, magic, religion, beliefs, practices, sacred |
TRIBAL LAND ALIENATION AND RESISTANCE IN JHARKHAND - A CASE STUDY OF PATHALGADI MOVEMENT
DEBASREE DE
| Abstract | The present article has been planned and documented chiefly on the basis of the perspectives of the tribals, the sons of the soil of our country. Recent sway of development has raised many voices of the tribals which cannot be connived any more. The neo-liberal India is witnessing resistance from all over the country against land grabbing, flawed planning of development and increasing poverty. Displacement and deprivation in the wake of so-called development has taken an ugly turn with the introduction of new LARR Act, mining act, forest act, and the like. Resettlement and rehabilitation measures are not upto the mark. The present article has tried to focus on a local tribal movement called Pathalgadi movement by conducting a micro-level study in Khunti district of Jharkhand. It also discusses tribal movement against mining briefly. |
| Keywords | Pathalgadi, tribal, development, mining, displacement, deprivation, movement. |
COMPARATIVE SKETCHES OF SUICIDAL IDEATION AND DEPRESSION OF INTERNET ADDICTED MALE AND FEMALE COLLEGE STUDENTS OF KOLKATA
SRABONI CHATTERJEE, SREEPARNA MAJUMDER
| Abstract | The aim of the present study is to make a comparative analysis of suicidal ideation and depression of internet addicted male and female college students. A sample of 200 college students having moderate levels of internet addiction (100 male and 100 female) was selected. The interacting variables selected for the present study were suicidal ideation and depression. Result indicates that from the viewpoint of significant differences no such remarkable differences were found out in case of suicidal ideation, only depression proves to be an important catalyst in such instances. Magnitudinal differences reveal that male college students possess a lesser depressive tone and utilize the internet as a mode of recreation, but on the other hand, female college students possess higher depressive tone and becomes the easy victims of emotional upheavals. Correlational analysis pinpoints that increment in depressive tone also invite suicidal thoughts in the lives of both males and females. As a whole, internet addiction proves to be an important factor for college students and its adverse effect illuminated the lives of young adults with psychosocial turmoil. |
| Keywords | Internet Addiction, Suicidal Ideation, Depression |
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