vertical menu css by Css3Menu.com
Journal - Current Issue
লোককথার শৈলী
পল্লব সেনগুপ্ত
| প্রবন্ধসার | লোককথার শৈলী এই কথাটা কিন্তু একমাত্রিক নয়! তার কারণ লোককথার যে রূপ নিয়ে আমাদের ভাবনাচিন্তা করতে হয় করে থাকি আমরা তা হল তাদের লিখিত চেহারা সম্পর্কিত। অর্থাৎ, ‘লিটারেচার’ যার আবেদন কেবল মাত্র লিখতে-পড়তে জানে যে , তার কাছে। কিন্তু লোককথার জন্মকাল থেকে তার বয়ঃপ্রাপ্তি পর্যন্ত যে রূপটা আত্মপ্রকাশ করে, সেটা তাদের মৌখিক- চেহারা। যাকে বলে, ‘ওরেচার’। তাই বললাম যে, লোককথার শৈলী বিচার করতে হবে একমাত্রায় নয়, দু মাত্রায়। কোনোও ক্ষেত্রে মাত্রার সংখ্যা আরও বেশি হয়ে থাকে। সেই কথায় পরে আসছি আমরা। |
Nature-Man-Spirit Complex: An Anthropological Study in Indian Part of Sundarban Delta Region
Dr. Binita Basu & Srija Mandal
| Abstract | Man and his society cannot survive without nature, rather they are interrelated to each other reciprocally. This nature has a direct impact on shaping the culture, economy, belief system of a community. Likewise, the people of Sundarban with different caste and religious affiliations are forced to depend on their surrounding forest and rivers. For their subsistence, people of Sundarban often experience conflict between man and animal and man and authority. This paper encompasses the nature of Sundarban as an economic resource base. Human interaction with nature and how the people are related to spirit that creates an impact on their life and culture are the main focus. According to the myth and local faith, Bonbibi is considered as the “Guardian and Saviour spirit of the Forest”. The most interesting feature that binds nature, man and Bonbibi is man, who in order to survive in this inimical nature, has to depend on the supernatural and superhuman power of Bonbibi for their safety of life. It appears that she (Bonbibi) gives them mental support, courage, and protection from all kinds of misfortunes and mishaps |
| Keywords | Nature, Subsistence pattern, Man-animal conflict, Coexistence of nature and Bonbibi, Existence of Supernaturalism in the form of Bonbibi, Nature-Man-Bonbibi Cult Complex |
The Study of Socio-Cultural Scenario of Eastern and Western States of India By Analysing Stylistic Features of Matrimonial Ads In Assamese And Marathi Newspapers
Janki Atul Navle & Normoda Doley
| Abstract | A detailed study of the stylistic features of the matrimonial advertisements found in Marathi and Assamese newspapers has been taken into account for this research paper. This paper mainly discusses the socio-cultural aspects of the eastern and the western states of India, namely- Assam and Maharashtra. The prominent focus of this study is to acknowledge the distinguished social and cultural features which can be seen through languages. Languages are the prominent source to understand the society and its people. This can be done by analysing the stylistic features of local languages used in matrimonial advertisements. Some of these are; figurative expressions, code mixing, metaphors, alliteration, acronyms, transliteration, and uses of lingua franca. Our main aim is to know more about the sociological aspects reflected through them. Information may be gathered about educational hierarchy, importance of caste, religious beliefs, financial hierarchy, societal beauty standards, conventional age barriers, personal attributes and such other issues. etc. After analysis of linguistic data, we could comprehend the unique and distinct socio-cultural backgrounds of the two states. A recognizable cultural distinction was seen through conventional food habits of the two states. Strong mention of vegetarianism in Marathi matrimonial ads and the absence of the same in Assamese ones are noted. Given this background, a critical stylistic analysis was employed, where selected matrimonial advertisements from the weekly Marathi newspapers (Loksatta,Sakal) and Assamese newspapers (Amar Asom, DainikJanambhumi and The Assam Tribune) were explored and analysed to find out the socio-cultural aspects of the two linguistic communities mentioned. This study helped in dissecting the matrimonial advertisements on the ground of a sociolinguistic basis. |
| Keywords | Assamese, Marathi, Stylistic Analysis, Advertisements, Society and Culture |
Opinion Of Unmarried Women on Marriage, Cohabitation And Childbearing: Are There Prospects Of The Second Demographic Transition In Kolkata?
Monorisha Mukhopadhyay
| Abstract | Fertility decline is explained by change in attitude of the individual towards marriage and childbearing and preferences for number of children. This paper focuses on opinions and preferences of single women in a low fertility sub-population of Kolkata. A two-stage systematic random sampling method had been chosen with city wards as the first stage unit and married women as second stage unit. It is entirely based on primary information collected through semi structured questionnaires and face to face interview schedules. The study shows that preference for small families is high, idea of non marriage is not widespread and idea of sexual liberation is not accepted widely in practice. The phenomenon of voluntary childlessness is found little support in the studied population. The responses indicate that the low fertility in Kolkata has been achieved without actually following the path of Second Demographic Transition. |
| Keywords | fertility behaviour, low-fertility, non marriage, education. |
Worlding Literature, Literary Cosmopolitanism and Tagore’ Visva Sahitya
Sourav Kumar Nag
| Abstract | The article contextualises Tagore’s notion of Visva-Sahitya in the emerging field of World Literature. Rabindranath Tagore is perhaps the only Indian writer who came forward with a new gesture to World Literature at the beginning of the 20th century. In a lecture delivered by him at the Indian National Council for Education in 1907 in Calcutta Tagore ushered literary cosmopolitanism. David Damrosch in the Preface of The Routledge Companion to World Literature (2005) maintains that the term “World literature despite being some two centuries old has turned into an emerging field with the recent turn towards globalization cosmopolitanism and transnationalism” (Damrosch 2005: xviii). The uneasy coexistence of the World Literature and the Comparative Literature presupposes the notion of planetarily (Spivak 2005: 71) to move beyond the idea of globalization antra critic the disciplinary organization of the study of literature (D’haen 2013: 207). The primary argument on which the present article navigates is that Tagore’s idea of Visva-Sahitya is markedly different from what we call World Literature today. |
| Keywords | Visva-Sahitya, Dissemination, Archival, Pilgrimage |
Rural Governance in Assam and Tripura: A Study
Debotosh Chakraborty
| Abstract | The rural self government is an age old concept having a long history in India. But the real effort to strengthen the rural self-government was noticed in the last decade of the twentieth century when the Union Government passed the famous Seventy Third Constitution Amendment Act, which facilitated decentralization of power across the states and given chance to the people to take part in the decision making process. It is true that despite the implementation of the rural self-government across the states of the country, the development is not significantly achieved. Situation is more critical in the North-eastern part of India as enormous diversities and disagreements exist in the entire region. It is in this context the present study made an attempt to examine both democratic as well as developmental aspect of the lowest unit of the rural self-government i.e. Gram Panchayats in a comparative perspective in the states of Assam and Tripura. For the purpose of the study respondents were selected from Gram Panchayats of both the states. The study observed that the rural local bodies are yet to emerge as true institution of service delivery in both the states. Acute constraints of trained manpower, meagre internal revenue mobilisation, lack of infrastructural facilities, party factionalism etc act as barriers to develop rural self-government a self-sufficient body in Assam and Tripura |
| Keywords | Panchayat, Rural self-government, Participation, Gram Sabha, Political Party, Development plan |
Dogra Ascendency and Integration of Ladakh with the state of Jammu and Kashmir (1834-1846)
Phunstog Angmo
| Abstract | The bifurcation of the state of Jammu and Kashmir in 2019, has invited the world attention on the already existing Kashmir issue, albeit this time a part of focus expanded to incorporate a lesser known part of the erstwhile state i.e. Ladakh The discourse on the bifurcation of the state has raised many issues concerned with the formation of the state of Jammu and Kashmir. At this stage it becomes imperative to reflect on the historical events which led to the foundation of the state. Most of the historical text on this subject has focused on Kashmir centric studies, deliberating on the events leading to the establishment of the Dogra ascendency in Kashmir with the treaty of Amritsar (1846). The contextualization of this event in the history of India as the integration of only two region of Jammu and Kashmir has abated one important aspect of this event its due share of recognition. In doing so, we also tend to subvert the ambitious and the most daring expedition ever attempted by any Indian ruler (Gulab Singh) and his general (Zorawar Singh). From the perspective of the regional history of Ladakh, the Dogra conquest was one of the most important events on its historical trajectory. This event transformed the political dynamics of the region with Ladakh losing its independent existence. Not only the peaceful existence of Ladakh was disturbed but for the first time it was also exposed to a bigger political platform where two great powers of Dogras and British were already contesting, contending and converging with each other. At this stage Ladakh also got involved in the ensuing political and commercial imbroglio between these two powers. In this paper, I have investigated this important phase in the history of Ladakh, when it was subsumed under the larger domain of the Dogra Empire. The factors leading to the conquest of Ladakh assessed on the bases of the written primary sources on Dogras, and the travelogues of European explorer in the western Himalayas. The archival records also constitute the major part of the sources particularly relevant in understanding the political scenario of Ladakh at the time of Dogra subjugation. Other sources collectively incorporating the translation of the local historical text have been used extensively in writing this paper. Through this paper an attempt has been made to provide a holistic approach while studying the foundation of the state of Jammu and Kashmir, with details concerning the integration of Ladakh forming the main theme . |
| Keywords | Dogras, Ladakh, Tibet, Shawl wool, Kashmir, Western Tibet, Treaty of Amritsar, Sikhs, Dogra- Wazir, Baltistan |
Comparative Advantage of India In International Trade: A Quest For Emerging Manufacturing Hub
Neha Paliwal
| Abstract | The share of India in global manufacturing output was 3 per cent in 2018 which is very low against its biggest competitor China’s share of 28.4 per cent (UNSD 2018). The share of its manufacturing value-added in GDP was only 14 per cent in 2019 much lower than China having this share equal to 27 per cent (World Bank 2020). India wants to transform its economy into a manufacturing hub. To boost the country’s manufacturing sector, the Indian Government has initiated many programmes and schemes like- Skill India, Make in India, Startup India, ASPIRE, Atal Innovation Schemes, etc., before COVID 19 pandemic. The global value chain disruption due to the Covid-19 pandemic has reestablished the significance of self-reliance. Now India is exploring ways not only to reduce its dependence on China but also to take over China’s place in the international market. ‘Vocal for Local Campaign’ and ‘Self-Reliant India Programme’ are some measures in this direction to make India a bigger and more significant part of the global economy. To achieve this goal, India should identify some key areas with a comparative advantage over other countries. An analysis of its international trade can give us an insight in this respect. The present research paper explores India’s competitive strength in the international market by computing the Revealed Comparative Advantage Index for the commodities exported by India and compared it with other leading exporter countries of the world. The research outcome will help understand whether India’s trade structure is in the right direction and what are the potential commodities or services in which India should take the lead and frame policies to improve the production and productivity of those commodities. The paper also tried to explore whether the business environment in India is efficient enough to help it emerge as a manufacturing hub and what should be done to improve it. |
| Keywords | Emerging Manufacturing Hub, Revealed Comparative Advantage, International Trade, India, |
Poverty and Epidemic: District Birbhum in the Colonial Period
Nilotpala Ghosh
| Abstract | Epidemics have affected much of human history. The intensity of the epidemics can be measured through the mortality rate. But there were other factors that also stimulated mortality and morbidity among the population in colonial Bengal. The economic condition of the people aggravated the effects of epidemics. It was the poverty that made the people so fragile that when different kinds of epidemics occurred, it became very hard for them to resist. The gloomy picture of British colonialism was disclosed to it. A case study of a small district, Birbhum, in the colonial period reveals those factors which seem responsible for poverty. And for the people who were already afflicted by poverty, the epidemic came as a double blow. |
| Keywords | Birbhum, Epidemic, Rural indebtedness, Famine, Malnutrition, Rice, Irrigation, Colonialism |
Hindu College and “Performance”: 1817-1867
Sreemati Mukherjee
| Abstract | The entire Renaissance in Bengal (19th century) witnessed what we could call a “performance” of the social energies of the time, manifesting themselves in educational reform, desire to uplift the condition of women, introduce Western models of education and generally spread awareness of rationalist principles of thought. One of the key nodes of this process of transformation through “performance” was Hindu College established in 1817 with the objective of promoting Western style education, curricula, methodologies of thinking and learning and imbibing a scientific attitude or spirit towards the organization of personal and public life. One of the key figures in this dramatic “performance” of ideas and activism was Henry Louis Derozio. Derozio was a product of the Latin Grammar School model initiated by David Drummond in his Dharmatollah Academy. Debate was central to pedagogical practices at this academy and Derozio distinguished himself in debate. Later Derozio made debate central to academic practice at Hindu College, during the five or so odd years that he was a teacher there. In debate, I see a “performance” oriented educational model. Another vital aspect of “performance” as an active ingredient of learning and education at Hindu College during its initial period was play acting as part of the examination procedure. Eventually, the idea of “performance” at Hindu College could be seen to encompass significant translation enterprises, poetry writing in English initiatives, science advocacy, and advocacy for women's education, establishing schools, advocacy of learning writing of text books and the founding of newspapers. Some of Derozio’s students who were actively involved in such activities were Radhanath Sikdar, Peary Chand Mitra, Ramgopal Ghosh, Tarachand Chakrabarty, Shivachandra Deb, Harachandra Ghosh and others. |
| Keywords | Hindu College, “Restoration of behaviour”, event, performance, debate, literature, history, social reform, nation, Derozio and the Derozions |
Impact of Interpretation Construction (icon) Model on problem solving and decision-making abilities
Brundabana Meher Dr. Partha Sarathi Mallik Saroj Sahu Dipanjali Sahu
| Abstract | The objective of the present study was to find out the impact of interpretation construction model on developing problem solving and decision making abilities among secondary school students through teaching of political science subject. For this, the non-equivalent control group quasi-experimental research design was used over a sample of 72 students; 36 each in experimental and control group. The students of experimental group were taught through interpretation construction model whereas the students of control group were taught through Herbartian method of teaching for eight weeks. The findings revealed that though both the instructional designs have significant impact on developing problem solving and decision-making abilities of secondary school students in political science subject but the impact of interpretation construction model is relatively more than Herbartian method. With respect to relative changes in these abilities, it was found out that increase in problem solving ability was more than decision- making ability by both the designs. The present study will help various stakeholders such as secondary school students, teachers, teacher educators, teacher training institutions, parents, administrators and policy makers for improving quality education of the country in particular and world in general. |
| Keywords | Constructivist learning strategy, Experimental research, Higher order cognitive abilities, Learner centric approach, Traditional method of teaching |
ঔপনিবেশিক বাংলায় টোলকেন্দ্রিক শিক্ষাব্যবস্থার বিবর্তনঃ সংস্কৃতচর্চার বহুমাত্রিকতা এবং ‘আধুনিক’ বাঙালী মনন
প্রীতম গোস্বামী
| সারসংক্ষেপ | বাংলার ইতিহাসের মধ্যযুগ থেকে আদি আধুনিক ও আধুনিক যুগ পর্যন্ত দেশজ সংস্কৃত শিক্ষাপদ্ধতির অঙ্গাঙ্গী অংশ হিসাবে টোল শব্দটির উল্লেখ আমরা পাই। টোল যা চতুষ্পাঠী বা সংস্কৃত শিক্ষাকেন্দ্রের সমার্থক শব্দ তা বাংলায় দীর্ঘকালব্যাপী বিশুদ্ধ জ্ঞানবাদী শিক্ষাধারার প্রধান বাহক ছিল। সাধারণ কর্মক্ষেত্রে ফার্সী বা আরবীর ভূমিকা থাকলেও প্রাক ঔপনিবেশিক বা আদি ঔপনিবেশিক যুগে বাংলার গ্রামগুলিতে (এবং ছোট শহরগুলিতেও) টোলশিক্ষার যে ধারা ছিল এবং সেই টোলে শিক্ষার পরবর্তী কালে নবদ্বীপ, মিথিলা, ত্রিহুত এবং বারানসীতে উচ্চশিক্ষা গ্রহণের যে ব্যবস্থা ছিল তাই ছিল বাংলাদেশে প্রাচ্য জ্ঞানবাদী ক্ষেত্রটির চর্চার মেরুদণ্ড স্বরূপ। বিশেষীকরণ এবং অধ্যাপকের বিশেষজ্ঞতার তারতম্যের ভিত্তিতে এই টোলগুলিতে ব্যাকরণ, কাব্য,অলঙ্কার, পুরাণ, ষড়দর্শণ, স্মৃতিশাস্ত্র, ভক্তিশাস্ত্র, তন্ত্রশাস্ত্র, বৈদ্যক শাস্ত্র,গণিত-জ্যোতিষ এমনকি বৌদ্ধ ও জৈন দর্শনেরও চর্চা হত। যদিও বেদের কর্মকাণ্ড শাখার চর্চা প্রায় ছিল না এবং বেশীরভাগ টোলই ব্যাকরণ, ন্যায়শাস্ত্র এবং স্মৃতিশাস্ত্র চর্চাতেই আবদ্ধ ছিল তৎসত্ত্বেও পাঠগত বিষয়ের অভিনবত্ব কম ছিল না। ঔপনিবেশিক যুগে mercantile capitalismএর পরোক্ষ উপহার আধুনিক পাশ্চাত্য এবং ‘secular bourgeois’(?) শিক্ষারফলশ্রুতিতে bourgeois morale (অবশ্যই খণ্ডিত ও সংশয়দীর্ণ) ঋদ্ধ এক মধ্যবিত্ত শ্রেণীর সৃষ্টি হয় যাদের জাগতিক ও জ্ঞানমার্গী প্রয়োজন মেটাতে টোলব্যবস্থা অক্ষম ছিল। সাধারণ সিদ্ধান্ত এই যে একাধারে এই ঔপনিবেশিক অর্থনীতির ধাক্কা যার ফলে অর্থনৈতিক জীবন ও জীবিকার পরিবর্তিত সম্পর্ক ও অন্যদিকে নূতন জ্ঞান ও চিন্তনজগতের বিস্তার এরই দ্বিমুখী ফলশ্রুতিতে টোলব্যবস্থা ভেঙ্গে পড়ে। এই প্রবন্ধে আমরা টোলকেন্দ্রিক বিদ্যাচর্চার বিভিন্ন ধারাগুলির বিশ্লেষণের পাশাপাশি দেখাতে চেয়েছি যে পরিসংখ্যানগত ঐতিহাসিক উপকরণে টোলব্যবস্থার অবস্থান এবং প্রভাব অনুধাবন সম্ভব নয়। ঊণিশ শতকের প্রথমার্ধ পর্যন্তও টোলের প্রভাব ছিল যথেষ্ট এবং তা গুণগত দিক থেকে প্রভূত প্রভাব এবং ঔপনিবেশিক শিক্ষাগত বাস্তবতার বিকল্প নির্মাণে সহায়তা করেছিল। উনিশ শতকের দ্বিতীয়ার্ধে Charles Woodএর dispatch অনুসারে শিক্ষার infiltration পদ্ধতিতে গ্রাম ও মফঃস্বল অঞ্চলে ইংরাজী প্রাইমারী স্কুল, নর্ম্যাল স্কুল, বেঙ্গলী স্কুল এবং অ্যাংলো-ভার্নাকুলার স্কুলগুলি বিস্তার লাভ করায় টোলশিক্ষার শিকড়গত ক্ষেত্রে টান পড়ে ও যে পদ্ধতির হোতা ছিলেন ঈশ্বরচন্দ্র বিদ্যাসাগর, দ্বারকানাথ বিদ্যাভূষণ, শিবনাথ শাস্ত্রী প্রমুখ কিছু সংস্কৃত পণ্ডিতরাই যা সংস্কৃত শিক্ষার ‘ভিতর থেকে পরিবর্তনের’ ইঙ্গিত দেয়। এই প্রবন্ধে আমরা এই জটিল মিথস্ক্রিয়ারই আলোচনার চেষ্টা করেছি। টোলধারী পণ্ডিতদের নিজেদের অস্তিত্ব সঙ্কট এবং টোল এবং পাঠশালার পারস্পরিক নির্ভরশীল আবার সময়বিশেষে বিপরীতমুখী সম্পর্কেরও আলোচনা করা হয়েছে। ঔপনিবেশিক জটিলতা এবং খণ্ডিত আধুনিকতার প্রেক্ষাপটে টোল ব্যবস্থার এই প্রভাব, ভাঙন ও বিবর্তনের চর্চাই বর্তমান প্রবন্ধ লেখকের উপজীব্য। |
| সূচকশব্দ | টোল, সংস্কৃতচর্চা, বানিজ্যিক পুঁজিবাদ, মেকলে মিনিট, অ্যাংলো-ভার্নাকুলার স্কুল, ঈশ্বরচন্দ্র বিদ্যাসাগর। |
| © Kolkata Society For Asian Studies (2018) | Powered By : ProSoft |